Osteocalcin‑GPRC6A: An update of its clinical and biological multi‑organic interactions (Review)

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Molecular Biology
• Physiology

Background:

• Osteocalcin, traditionally linked to bone remodeling, is now recognized as a hormone with broader systemic functions.
• The discovery of its interaction with the G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6-member A (GPRC6A) has unveiled new physiological roles.
• This interaction is crucial for understanding osteocalcin's systemic effects beyond bone metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive update on the multi-organ effects of osteocalcin mediated by GPRC6A.
• To explore the clinical implications of osteocalcin's diverse physiological functions.
• To consolidate current knowledge on osteocalcin as a systemic hormone.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating osteocalcin and GPRC6A interactions.
• Analysis of research on osteocalcin's effects in various organs and systems.
• Synthesis of findings related to clinical relevance and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

• Osteocalcin modulates memory, fertility, liver fat accumulation, incretin release, and exercise adaptation.
• It also influences beta-cell function, insulin release, and adiponectin secretion.
• These effects are largely mediated through the GPRC6A receptor across multiple tissues.

Conclusions:

• Osteocalcin is a pleiotropic hormone with significant roles in whole-body homeostasis, acting via GPRC6A.
• Understanding these multi-organ effects is critical for developing new therapeutic strategies.
• Further research into osteocalcin-GPRC6A signaling holds promise for metabolic and other clinical applications.