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Effect of ACTN3 Polymorphism on Self-reported Running Times
Andreas Kreutzer1, Christopher A Martinez1, McKensie Kreutzer2
1Department of Kinesiology, Exercise & Sport Performance Laboratory, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|November 16, 2018
Summary
The ACTN3 gene variant influences female 1-mile running performance, but not 5K times. This genetic factor shows potential for talent identification but requires cautious application in sports selection.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Human Genetics
- Sports Science
Background:
- The ACTN3 gene encodes the protein α-actinin-3, crucial for muscle function.
- Variations in ACTN3 genotype (RR, RX, XX) are associated with different athletic performances.
- Understanding genetic influences on endurance performance is key for optimizing training and talent identification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between ACTN3 genotype and self-reported running personal records (PRs).
- To determine if ACTN3 polymorphism affects 1-mile and 5K running performance in recreationally active individuals.
- To explore potential sex-specific effects of ACTN3 genotype on endurance running times.
Main Methods:
- 94 recreationally active participants (42 female, 40 male) had their ACTN3 genotype determined.
- Participants reported their 1-mile and 5K running personal records.
- Statistical analyses compared running times across different ACTN3 genotypes (RR, RX, XX) and presence/absence of α-actinin-3.
Main Results:
- Female participants with the ACTN3 genotype recorded 1-mile PRs that were 64.5 seconds faster than those without (p = 0.048).
- No significant differences in 5K running PRs were observed between ACTN3 genotypes.
- Equivalence testing indicated that observed effects were not equivalent to zero, suggesting real, albeit potentially small, differences.
Conclusions:
- The ACTN3 genotype may influence short-distance endurance performance (1-mile) in females.
- The study did not find a strong link between ACTN3 genotype and 5K running performance.
- Caution is advised when using ACTN3 genotype for talent identification and sport selection due to inconsistent findings.
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