Developing the health visitor concept of family resilience in Wales using Group Concept Mapping

A health visitor's ability to assess and analyse aspects of family resilience in daily practice is essential to enable practitioners to support families and facilitate positive lifestyle choices, and improve child health and developmental outcomes. The purpose of this research was to undertake an in-depth exploration of the concept of family resilience as understood by health visitors in Wales and to develop a concept map. This knowledge has been used to develop the Family Resilience Assessment Instrument Tool (FRAIT). This is a standardised form of assessment, measuring instrument, guidance, training package and community of practice for use in health visitor daily practice. This article presents the first stage of the FRAIT research study, that of identifying the clusters within the concept map of what health visitors perceive as 'family resilience'.

A structured Group Concept Mapping (GCM) methodology using Concept Systems' Global Max online software was used to gain a consensus of the understanding of the concept of family resilience from 62 invited health visitors practising across Wales. This is an integrated qualitative and quantitative approach to brainstorming, idea synthesis, idea sorting, idea rating and group analysis. GCM has six clear steps, with four steps described in the method: 'preparing for concept mapping', 'generating ideas', 'structuring the statements' and 'concept mapping analysis'. Steps 5 and 6, 'interpreting the maps' and 'utilisation', are considered in the results section.

Use of multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis enabled point, cluster, rating and pattern matching maps to be presented to the study group. These were then interpreted, understood and consensus gained on how the concept of family resilience was constructed from both the study group and the health visitor participants. Family resilience understood by health visitors in Wales comprises five clusters: 'family health', 'responsive parenting', 'engagement', 'family support' and 'socioeconomic factors'. Each of the clusters has an identified number of underpinning statements from a total number of 117 statements.

Family resilience as understood by health visitors is a multidimensional concept. Using online software such as Concept Systems' Global Max enabled health visitors working across Wales to achieve a consensus and generate the data in preparation for building FRAIT for use in their daily practice as required by Welsh Government policy.