Anarchitectures of health: Futures for the biomedical drone

In recent years, research on the military deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, has proliferated. However, to date there has been little systematic study of how drones are being used for health surveillance and management, particularly in resource-constrained settings. In this paper, we draw on a number of case studies to explore how the biomedical drone is contributing to a re-spatialization of health and to a process of datafication that is set to fundamentally change the nature and scope of health governance. The promotion of the drone as a solution to global challenges reflects a broader techno-optimism. However, drones and the cybernetworks they rely on are short-circuiting terrestrial systems and driving a strategic, hotspot approach to health. This targeted view of the world, we argue, recapitulates and extends earlier forms of colonial surveillance and intervention premised on security and incipient threat. We develop the notion of 'anarchitecture' to describe the formation of these new inverted health landscapes where state infrastructures are entangled with shifting technological networks. In short, we seek to develop a framework for reflecting on the ways in which global health is being reconfigured through the development of remote-sensing technologies and cyberinfrastructures.