Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

09:04
Detection of Neu1 Sialidase Activity in Regulating TOLL-like Receptor Activation
Published on: September 7, 2010
12.0K
Sialidase activity in human pathologies
Victor Yu Glanz1, Veronika A Myasoedova2, Andrey V Grechko3
1Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia.
European Journal of Pharmacology
|November 16, 2018
Summary
Sialidases (neuraminidases) remove terminal sialic acids, impacting cell activities and human diseases. Targeting these enzymes offers potential therapeutic benefits for various pathologies.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Sialic acids are terminal residues on cellular glycoconjugates.
- Sialidases (neuraminidases) cleave sialic acids, modulating cellular functions.
- Dysregulated sialidase activity is implicated in numerous human diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the roles of mammalian sialidases in pathological conditions.
- To highlight sialidases as potential therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of sialidase functions in disease.
- Summary of current knowledge on NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, and NEU4 sialidases.
Main Results:
- Sialidases are involved in neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
- Different mammalian sialidases (NEU1-4) exhibit distinct gene encoding and subcellular localization.
- Modulating sialidase activity shows promise for treating various pathologies.
Conclusions:
- Mammalian sialidases play critical roles in diverse pathological processes.
- Targeting specific sialidases presents a promising therapeutic strategy for human diseases.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Activation Energy
86.6K
Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to move forward. The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction. However, adding heat to the reaction will increase the rate, since it causes molecules to move faster and increase the likelihood that molecules will collide. The collision and breaking of bonds represents the uphill phase of a reaction and generates the transition state. The transition state is an unstable high-energy state...
86.6K
Co-activators and Co-repressors
8.6K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
8.6K
tRNA Activation
22.9K
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
22.9K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators
12.8K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.8K
Secondary Active Transport
137.9K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
137.9K
Primary Active Transport
198.5K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
198.5K

