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Elements and Compounds01:27

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Linear Amplification Mediated PCR &#8211; Localization of Genetic Elements and Characterization of Unknown Flanking DNA
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Selfish genetic elements.

J Arvid Ågren1, Andrew G Clark1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

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|November 16, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selfish genetic elements are DNA segments that prioritize their own spread within a genome, potentially at the organism's expense. These "genomic outlaws" influence evolution and biological processes beyond individual fitness.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomes are traditionally viewed as cooperative units.
  • Selfish genetic elements challenge this view by promoting their own transmission.
  • Their existence was proposed in 1980 and is now recognized across diverse organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define selfish genetic elements.
  • To highlight their transmission advantage over organismal fitness.
  • To underscore their broad impact on biological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual review of selfish genetic elements.
  • Historical analysis of their scientific recognition.
  • Synthesis of their diverse transmission mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Selfish genetic elements are widespread and diverse.
  • They can spread irrespective of their effect on organismal fitness.
  • They significantly influence genome evolution, architecture, and speciation.

Conclusions:

  • Selfish genetic elements are key players in evolution, not just curiosities.
  • Understanding them is crucial for comprehending genome dynamics.
  • They impact fundamental biological processes from genome size to speciation.