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Related Concept Videos

Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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Hyperactivity and conduct disorder: exploring origins.

Paul Mcardle1, Gregory O'Brien2, Israel Kolvin3

  • 1Fleming Nuffield Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 3AE, England.

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
|November 17, 2018
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Summary

Conduct disorder (CD) is often a hybrid condition with hyperactivity (HA) symptoms. True CD diagnosis requires the absence of hyperactivity, differentiating it from combined hyperactivity and conduct disorder (HACD).

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Hyperactivity (HA) and conduct disorder (CD) are significant behavioral concerns in children.
  • Understanding the interplay between environmental factors and these disorders is crucial for effective intervention.
  • The distinction between pure CD and combined hyperactivity and conduct disorder (HACD) requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between hyperactivity (HA), conduct disorder (CD), and combined hyperactivity and conduct disorder (HACD) with environmental and biological stressors.
  • To explore the relationship between family adversity, parental discipline, and the manifestation of CD and HACD.
  • To examine the hypothesis that HA contributes to the development of more complex behavioral disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large-scale epidemiological database from the North of England.
  • Analyzed data to identify patterns of association between behavioral disorders and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Conduct disorder (CD) is relatively uncommon and strongly associated with environmental stresses.
  • Combined hyperactivity and conduct disorder (HACD) also shows a significant relationship with environmental factors, though to a lesser extent than CD.
  • Both CD and HACD are linked to family adversity and adverse parenting, with distinct patterns observed; CD is particularly associated with poverty, parental violence, and social services contact.

Conclusions:

  • Many apparent cases of conduct disorder are hybrid conditions incorporating hyperactivity symptoms.
  • A diagnosis of true conduct disorder should consider the absence of hyperactivity symptoms alongside positive symptomatology.
  • Hyperactivity may play a role in the emergence of confrontational behaviors and combined disturbances.