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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Vapor Pressure02:34

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When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
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Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer02:57

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Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Epidural Intracranial Pressure Measurement in Rats Using a Fiber-optic Pressure Transducer
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Intracranial Pressure Sensor and Valve to Control Hydrocephalus.

John G Webster, Bermans Iskandar, Joshua Medow

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |November 17, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new implantable pressure sensor aims to manage intracranial pressure (ICP) in hydrocephalus patients. This smart shunt system automatically adjusts cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage to maintain optimal ICP levels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Devices

    Background:

    • Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP).
    • Current treatments involve shunts to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but these lack dynamic pressure regulation.
    • Complications arise from both excessively high and low ICP, necessitating improved management strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an intelligent implantable pressure sensor for dynamic ICP management.
    • To create a shunt system that actively regulates CSF drainage based on real-time ICP.
    • To improve patient outcomes by preventing complications associated with abnormal ICP levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel implantable pressure sensor prototype.
    • Integration of the sensor with a controllable valve mechanism for CSF shunting.
    • In vitro testing to evaluate sensor accuracy and valve responsiveness under varying pressure conditions.

    Main Results:

    • The developed sensor demonstrated accurate ICP measurement capabilities.
    • The integrated shunt system showed effective valve actuation in response to simulated high and low ICP.
    • The system has the potential to dynamically manage CSF flow.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel implantable pressure sensor and shunt system offer a promising approach for intelligent ICP management.
    • This technology could significantly reduce shunt-related complications in hydrocephalus patients.
    • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate its efficacy and safety.