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    This study introduces a virtual reality cataract surgery simulator with haptic feedback. It enhances surgical training by realistically reproducing tactile sensations during procedures like Continuous Circular Capsulorhexis (CCC).

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Medical Simulation
    • Haptic Technology

    Background:

    • Cataract surgery is a common geriatric procedure, but resident training is limited by ethical restrictions.
    • Existing virtual reality (VR) surgical simulators often lack realistic haptic feedback or are tethered, hindering skill development.
    • Developing effective, unconstrained haptic simulators is crucial for novice cataract surgeons.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an advanced VR-based cataract surgery simulator incorporating haptic sensory substitution.
    • To accurately reproduce the tactile sensations experienced during cataract surgery, particularly during Continuous Circular Capsulorhexis (CCC).
    • To provide a realistic and accessible training tool for surgical residents.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a haptic surgical training tool integrating VR and sensory substitution.
    • Created viscoelastic lens dummies to measure vibrations during simulated CCC.
    • Designed and implemented vibration models for haptic feedback within the VR simulator.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully reproduced realistic haptic sensations for virtual contacts during simulated surgery.
    • The developed VR system effectively implemented contact vibrations, enhancing the tactile experience.
    • Validated the system's ability to mimic the feel of surgical tool interaction.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed VR cataract surgery simulator with haptic feedback offers a realistic training environment.
    • Sensory substitution effectively replicates crucial tactile feedback, addressing limitations of current simulators.
    • This technology can significantly improve surgical resident training and proficiency in cataract surgery.