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Related Concept Videos

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Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Author Spotlight: Long-Term Spinal Cord Slice Culture for Advancing Spinal Cord Regeneration Therapies
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Long-Term Depression Learning in Spinal Cord Networks.

Zachary Baker, Karen Therrien, Paul K LaFosse

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
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    Summary
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    Spinal cord neurons in cultures showed learning by decreasing their response after high-frequency stimulation. This discovery in neural networks could aid in developing new neural prosthetics and neurocomputers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Computational Neuroscience
    • Bioengineering

    Background:

    • Investigating learning in spinal cord neuron networks offers insights into human spinal cord connectivity dynamics.
    • Understanding neural network plasticity is crucial for advancing neural prosthetics and neurocomputers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate and characterize learning in cultured spinal cord neuronal networks using microelectrode arrays (MEAs).
    • To investigate the effects of high-frequency stimulation (tetanization) on the electrophysiological activity and synaptic efficacy of these networks.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to culture and stimulate E17 mouse spinal cord neuronal networks in vitro.
    • Applied high-frequency artificial spike trains (tetanization) to the neuronal cultures.
    • Assessed changes in network response to low-frequency probing stimulations before and after tetanization.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated evidence of learning in cultured spinal cord neuronal networks.
    • Observed a significant decrease in synaptic efficacy, identified as long-term depression (LTD), following tetanization.
    • LTD was most pronounced between 500-1000 ms after low-frequency probing stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Periodic high-frequency excitation of spinal cord neuronal networks can induce long-term depression (LTD).
    • This finding suggests a form of adaptive plasticity in spinal cord networks.
    • The results have implications for understanding neural network dynamics and developing brain-computer interfaces.