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Related Concept Videos

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Spherical coordinate systems are preferred over Cartesian, polar, or cylindrical coordinates for systems with spherical symmetry. For example, to describe the surface of a sphere, Cartesian coordinates require all three coordinates. On the other hand, the spherical coordinate system requires only one parameter: the sphere's radius. As a result, the complicated mathematical calculations become simple. Spherical coordinates are used in science and engineering applications like electric and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation
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Development of Sensor-Based Measures of Upper Extremity Interlimb Coordination.

Aaron Miller, Susan V Duff, Lori Quinn

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |November 17, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new algorithm to objectively measure upper extremity coordination after stroke. This tool can help track recovery and identify compensatory movements during daily activities.

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    Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Rehabilitation Medicine
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Motor impairment following stroke often leads to compensatory behaviors that develop outside clinical settings.
    • Accurate, quantitative tools are needed to detect subtle compensation and reduced interlimb coordination.
    • Improved interlimb coordination is a potential marker for stroke recovery and rehabilitation progress.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate upper extremity interlimb coordination in individuals post-stroke and in healthy controls.
    • To introduce a novel algorithm for objective characterization of interlimb coordination.
    • To assess the utility of the algorithm in real-world task performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Recruitment of individuals post-stroke and healthy controls.
    • Development of a novel algorithm for quantitative analysis of interlimb coordination.
    • Application of the algorithm to assess coordination during real-world tasks.

    Main Results:

    • The study successfully characterized upper extremity interlimb coordination in both post-stroke and control groups.
    • The novel algorithm provided objective measures of coordination during functional tasks.
    • Preliminary findings suggest the algorithm's potential to detect subtle changes in coordination.

    Conclusions:

    • Objective measurement of interlimb coordination is feasible using novel algorithms.
    • This approach may aid in monitoring stroke recovery and guiding rehabilitation.
    • Further validation is needed to establish clinical utility.