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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Small Intestine01:15

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The small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption. It spans from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve and connects to the large intestine.
The small intestine is divided into three main sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, approximately 25 cm long, is nearest the stomach. It acts as a 'mixing bowl,' where chyme (partially digested food) blends with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum's unique...
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Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
The innermost mucosa layer comprises simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. This layer is primarily populated with absorptive cells, tasked with water absorption, and goblet cells, responsible for secreting mucus to...
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications
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Towards an ASIC-based Fluoroscopic Capsule for the Early Cancer Detection in the Small Intestine.

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    This study introduces a new capsule for early small intestine cancer detection using infrared fluorescence endoscopy (IRFE) and indocyanine green (ICG) to identify weak signals. The advanced capsule features an integrated circuit for enhanced sensitivity, smaller size, and lower power consumption.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Gastroenterology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Early detection of small intestine micro-cancers is crucial for improved patient outcomes.
    • Current diagnostic methods may have limitations in sensitivity and invasiveness.
    • Infrared fluorescence endoscopy (IRFE) offers a promising approach for enhanced visualization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present a third-generation capsule for sensitive detection of early-stage small intestine cancers.
    • To utilize infrared fluorescence biomarkers, specifically low concentrations of indocyanine green (ICG), for enhanced micro-cancer visualization.
    • To improve the performance and efficiency of capsule-based endoscopic systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and fabrication of a third-generation capsule incorporating an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
    • Integration of peripheral components onto the ASIC to reduce system complexity and size.
    • Development of a system capable of detecting weak fluorescence signals from low concentrations of indocyanine green (ICG).

    Main Results:

    • The developed ASIC significantly enhances the sensitivity of the capsule system.
    • The integration of components onto the ASIC leads to a reduction in capsule size.
    • The new system demonstrates lower power consumption compared to previous generations.

    Conclusions:

    • The third-generation capsule represents a significant advancement in early micro-cancer detection in the small intestine.
    • The integration of an ASIC improves system sensitivity, reduces size, and lowers power consumption, making IRFE more practical.
    • This technology holds potential for non-invasive and earlier diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies.