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Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

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    This study introduces a novel fractional-order viscoelastic Windkessel model for cardiovascular system analysis. This advanced model offers a more accurate and reduced representation of arterial viscoelasticity, improving hemodynamic assessment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Mathematical Modeling

    Background:

    • Arterial hemodynamic assessment is crucial for cardiovascular system (CVS) diagnosis.
    • Windkessel (WK) models offer a convenient, cost-effective, and accurate non-invasive method for predicting arterial parameters.
    • Existing WK models are typically elastic or viscoelastic, with recent interest in fractional-order models for improved arterial wall viscoelasticity representation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce the first three-element fractional-order viscoelastic Windkessel model for arterial hemodynamics.
    • To incorporate a fractional-order capacitor, mimicking arterial viscoelastic behavior, into the standard WK model.
    • To provide a reliable, realistic, and reduced representation of arterial viscoelasticity.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel three-element fractional-order viscoelastic Windkessel model.
    • Substitution of the ideal capacitor in a standard WK model with a fractional-order capacitor.
    • Analysis of the fractional differentiation order (α) to control resistive and capacitive properties.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed model successfully integrates fractional-order elements to represent arterial viscoelasticity.
    • The fractional-order capacitor exhibits combined resistive and capacitive properties, reflecting non-ideal behavior.
    • The model's fractional order (α) allows for tunable physiological description of arterial dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented fractional-order viscoelastic Windkessel model offers a significant advancement in arterial hemodynamic assessment.
    • This model provides a more accurate and physiologically relevant description of arterial wall viscoelasticity compared to traditional models.
    • The fractional-order approach enables a reduced yet reliable representation of complex arterial behavior.