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Preparation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Electrodes for Chronic Implantation in Rats
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Remote Stimulation of Sciatic Nerve Using Cuff Electrodes and Implanted Diodes.

Arati Sridharan1, Sanchit Chirania2, Bruce C Towe3

  • 1School of Biological & Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. asridhar@asu.edu.

Micromachines
|November 17, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces wireless neurostimulation using free-floating, inter-neural diodes activated by alternating current (AC) fields. This method overcomes instability issues associated with traditional wired implants for nerve stimulation.

Keywords:
implantablemicroelectrodemicrostimulatorsneural interfacesneural prosthesesneuromodulationperipheral nerve stimulationwireless

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Chronic nerve stimulation often relies on wired implants, which can lead to instability and complications.
  • Existing methods face challenges with long-term reliability and biocompatibility.
  • Wireless alternatives are needed to improve the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel wireless neurostimulation technique using free-floating, inter-neural diodes.
  • To optimize alternating current (AC) electrical parameters and diode characteristics for effective wireless nerve activation.
  • To assess the feasibility of activating implanted microdiodes remotely using external AC fields.

Main Methods:

  • Tested three packaged Schottky diodes (1.5 mm, 500 µm, 220 µm) in vivo (n=17 rats).
  • Assessed sciatic nerve activation based on diode-dipole lengths and relative positioning.
  • Implanted free-floating Schottky microdiodes in rat sciatic nerves (n=3) for wireless stimulation.
  • Measured muscle twitch thresholds and recorded electromyograms (EMGs) to evaluate nerve response.

Main Results:

  • Muscle twitch thresholds increased non-linearly with stimulation frequency.
  • Significant current attenuation (~100-fold) was observed in implanted diodes, necessitating 1-2 mA drive currents for 17 µA thresholds.
  • Muscle recruitment via EMG showed a steep response, particularly with deeper diode implantation relative to external electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of wireless neurostimulation using untethered, implanted microdiodes.
  • External AC fields can effectively activate remote, free-floating diodes for nerve stimulation.
  • This technology offers a promising alternative to wired implants for chronic neurostimulation applications.