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Update on Pathogenesis of Opisthorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Banchob Sripa1, Sirikachorn Tangkawattana2, Paul J Brindley3
1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease); Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Abstract:
Infection with the food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini causes cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Whereas the cause of CCA in the West remains obscure, the principal risk factor in Thailand is opisthorchiasis. Here, we review recent findings on the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and CCA focusing on helminth molecules/toxic metabolites, host-parasite interaction, endocytosis, immunopathology/inflammatory responses, free radical production, molecular genetic alterations, and multifactorial including coinfections driving to CCA development.
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