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Electronic cigarette (EC) explosions cause severe burns, often requiring surgical intervention. This review highlights the need for standardized management protocols for these thermal and chemical injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Burn Management
  • Consumer Product Safety

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are associated with thermal, chemical, and blast injuries due to device or battery malfunctions.
  • Reported injuries include burns, soft tissue, and bony trauma, necessitating a review of current management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review all reported burn injuries associated with electronic cigarettes.
  • To summarize the mechanisms, types, and severity of EC-related burns.
  • To focus on the immediate management and surgical treatment of these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline for case reports and series published since 2014.
  • Search terms included "electronic cigarette," "e-cigarette," "vaping," and "burn."
  • Data on injury mechanisms, burn characteristics, and patient outcomes were extracted and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Ninety patients from 19 publications were included, with a male predominance (95.6%) and a mean age of 30.1 years.
  • Flame burns were most common, with a mean total body surface area (TBSA) affected of 4.9%.
  • Surgical interventions like skin grafting were performed on 22 patients, while 42 were managed conservatively.

Conclusions:

  • Electronic cigarette-associated burns are likely underreported and involve combined thermal and chemical components.
  • Battery malfunction is a primary suspected cause, leading to thermal runaway and potential explosions.
  • A standardized treatment algorithm is proposed due to the lack of agreed-upon management protocols for EC-related burn injuries.