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Temporal changes in chromium allergy in Denmark between 2002 and 2017.
Farzad Alinaghi1, Claus Zachariae1, Jacob P Thyssen1
1National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis
|November 17, 2018
Summary
The prevalence of chromium allergy is decreasing in adults, likely due to EU regulations on hexavalent chromium in leather goods. Leather remains a key exposure source for chromium contact dermatitis.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Toxicology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- European Union (EU) directive implemented in 2015 restricted hexavalent chromium in leather goods to 3 ppm.
- This regulation followed a 2012 proposal by Danish authorities to the European Chemical Agency.
- The directive aimed to reduce exposure to a known contact allergen.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the trend of chromium contact allergy in adult dermatitis patients.
- To identify clinical characteristics and common causes of chromium allergy.
- To assess the impact of regulatory changes on allergy prevalence.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of patch test data from adult dermatitis patients.
- Study included 13,379 patients tested between 2002 and 2017.
- Statistical analysis used the chi-squared test and logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Overall prevalence of chromium allergy was 2.2%, showing a significant decreasing trend (P<0.00002).
- Allergy rates decreased significantly in later study periods (2010-2017) compared to 2002-2005.
- Leather was the primary cause of chromium allergy, with clinically relevant exposures increasing from 42.3% to 54.8%.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of chromium allergy has decreased significantly over the study period.
- EU restrictions on hexavalent chromium in leather goods are strongly associated with this decline.
- Continued vigilance regarding leather as a chromium exposure source is warranted.
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