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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: February 25, 2022
Three-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation and management of paravalvular regurgitation
Menhel Kinno1, Sasan R Raissi1, Kristoff A Olson1
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illionis.
Abstract:
Paravalvular regurgitation is an uncommon but serious complication that can be encountered after either surgical or percutaneous valve replacement and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection and accurate assessment of paravalvular regurgitation are crucial to identify those who would benefit from intervention. Recent advances in 3-dimensional echocardiography have increased the feasibility of percutaneous approaches for the management of paravalvular regurgitation. Percutaneous closure of paravalvular regurgitation has emerged as a favorable alternative for redo surgery in selected cases. This article will review the role of 3-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment and management of paravalvular regurgitation.
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