[Neutrophils as tumor microenviroment member]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Neutrophil roles in the immune system are increasingly recognized as complex and multifaceted.
• Recent research highlights neutrophils' significant and varied involvement in cancer biology.
• Their presence within the tumor microenvironment can exert both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the heterogeneity and plasticity of neutrophils.
• To summarize evidence on the prognostic value of neutrophils in various malignancies.
• To discuss the potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils in cancer.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on neutrophils in cancer.
• Analysis of evidence regarding neutrophil heterogeneity and differentiation capabilities.
• Discussion of prognostic significance of tumor-associated neutrophils and peripheral blood neutrophil counts across multiple cancer types.

Main Results:

• Neutrophils exhibit significant heterogeneity and plasticity, with potential to differentiate into other myeloid cells.
• Tumor-associated neutrophils and elevated peripheral neutrophil levels show prognostic value in diverse cancers including renal cell cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer.
• Neutrophils possess both pro-inflammatory and potentially anti-tumorigenic functions within the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

• Neutrophils play a dual role in cancer, influencing tumor progression and patient outcomes.
• Understanding neutrophil heterogeneity and functional plasticity is key to harnessing their anti-cancer potential.
• Further investigation into neutrophil pro- and anti-tumor activities is essential for advancing oncology diagnostics and therapeutics.