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Related Concept Videos

Electric Field01:16

Electric Field

12.8K
Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by defining a new physical quantity called the electric field.
In the new picture, imagine that the first charge sets up an electric field independent of all other charges in the universe. When another charge comes in its vicinity, the second charge experiences an electric force depending on the electric field at that point. The source charge does not...
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Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

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When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then...
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Electric Field Lines01:25

Electric Field Lines

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The three-dimensional representation of the electric field of a positive point charge requires tracing the electric field vectors, whose lengths decrease as the square of their distance from the charge and which point away from the charge at each point. This vector field is no doubt challenging to visualize. The visualization of electric fields becomes quickly intractable as the number of charges increases.
The solution to this problem is to use electric field lines, which are not vectors but...
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Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential01:12

Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential

5.0K
The electric field and electric potential are related to each other. If the electric field at various points in the region of interest is known, it can be used to calculate the electric potential difference between any two points. Similarly, if the electric potential is known for various points, then it is possible to calculate the electric field.
In general, regardless of whether the electric field is uniform, it points in the direction of decreasing potential because the force on a positive...
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Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field01:13

Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field

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For a system of charges, it is easy to calculate the system's potential because potential is a scalar quantity. However, in some instances where calculating the electric field is more straightforward than finding the potential, the electric field is used to calculate the system's potential. For a positive charge, the electric field is radially outward, and the potential is positive at any finite distance from the positive charge. In such an electric field, the motion away from the...
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Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
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Oscillating Electric Fields in Liquids Create a Long-Range Steady Field.

S M H Hashemi Amrei1, Scott C Bukosky1, Sean P Rader1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.

Physical Review Letters
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Applying oscillating electric fields to liquids with differing ion mobilities creates a steady, long-range electric field. This discovery explains particle behavior and fluid flow phenomena in response to oscillating potentials.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrochemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Oscillatory electric fields are commonly used in various applications.
  • The behavior of ions and charged particles in liquids under electric fields is complex.
  • Previous understanding did not account for long-range steady fields generated by AC fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the generation of a long-range steady electric field from an oscillatory electric field in a liquid.
  • To explain the underlying physics of this phenomenon.
  • To provide a mechanism for long-standing questions in colloid science and electrokinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling using a two-ion harmonic oscillator.
  • Numerical computations of a fully nonlinear electrokinetic model.
  • Experimental measurements of colloid levitation height versus applied frequency.

Main Results:

  • An asymmetric rectified field is generated, with time average scaling quadratically with applied field strength.
  • Steady electric fields were shown to extend over large distances between electrodes.
  • Experimental results on colloid levitation height matched numerical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The application of oscillatory electric fields to liquids with unequal ion mobilities generates a long-range steady electric field.
  • This phenomenon has significant implications for understanding particle dynamics and electrokinetic flows.
  • The findings offer explanations for previously unresolved questions in the field.