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Related Concept Videos

Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

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Resilient Entangling Gates for Trapped Ions.

A E Webb1, S C Webster1, S Collingbourne2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|November 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a robust Mølmer-Sørensen gate for quantum processors, reducing errors from heating and frequency shifts. This advance simplifies ion cooling requirements for quantum computing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Large-scale ion trap quantum processors require highly reliable entangling gates.
  • Noise and experimental imperfections, such as motional mode heating and frequency fluctuations, limit gate fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate a novel Mølmer-Sørensen gate design.
  • To show this gate's robustness against common sources of infidelity in ion trap systems.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a modified Mølmer-Sørensen gate protocol.
  • Experimental characterization of gate performance under simulated noise conditions (motional heating, secular frequency variations).

Main Results:

  • The new gate design significantly protects against infidelity caused by motional mode heating.
  • The technique simultaneously mitigates errors from slow fluctuations and mis-sets in the secular frequency.

Conclusions:

  • This robust gate operation offers a practical path towards relaxing stringent ion cooling requirements.
  • The findings facilitate the development of more scalable and fault-tolerant ion trap quantum computers and simulators.