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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Stab-Wound Mouse Model for Studying Hemorrhage and Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: February 21, 2025
How is the formation of microthrombi after traumatic brain injury linked to inflammation?
Christiane Albert-Weissenberger1, Sarah Hopp2, Bernhard Nieswandt3
1Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilian University, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Abstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by mechanical disruption of brain tissue due to an external force and by subsequent secondary injury. Secondary brain injury events include inflammatory responses and the activation of coagulation resulting in microthrombi formation in the brain vasculature. Recent research suggests that these mechanisms do not work independently. There is strong evidence that FXII and platelet activation connects both, inflammation and the formation of microthrombi. This review summarizes the current knowledge on posttraumatic microthrombus formation and its link to inflammation.
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