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Related Concept Videos

Fermentation01:29

Fermentation

129.2K
Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
129.2K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

133.3K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
133.3K
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

14.4K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
14.4K
Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

1.5K
Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
1.5K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

14.1K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
14.1K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

5.8K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
5.8K

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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product
05:17

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product

Published on: August 23, 2019

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Fermentative hydrogen production from low-value substrates.

Ahmed H S Hassan1,2, Thorsten Mietzel3, Ruth Brunstermann3

  • 1Urban Water and Waste Management Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 15, 45141, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ahassan8887@yahoo.com.

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
|November 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review explores dark and photo-fermentation for sustainable hydrogen production from waste. These methods offer a greener alternative to fossil fuels, utilizing waste materials for efficient energy recovery.

Keywords:
BiohydrogenDark fermentationDark/photo-fermentation systemsHydrogen production rateHydrogen yieldPhoto-fermentation

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Renewable Energy
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Hydrogen is a key sustainable energy carrier, poised to replace fossil fuels.
  • Conventional hydrogen production relies heavily on fossil fuels, posing environmental concerns.
  • Alternative methods like water electrolysis, biophotolysis, and fermentation offer sustainable pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss dark and photo-fermentation as biohydrogen production routes.
  • To highlight the advantages of fermentation over conventional hydrogen production methods.
  • To emphasize the potential of utilizing waste materials for hydrogen generation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dark and photo-fermentation processes.
  • Analysis of factors influencing hydrogen yield and substrate degradation in fermentation.
  • Discussion of operational parameter optimization for enhanced biohydrogen production.

Main Results:

  • Fermentation processes, including dark and photo-fermentation, are effective for hydrogen production from waste.
  • These methods are less energy-intensive compared to conventional techniques.
  • Optimization of fermentation parameters is crucial for maximizing hydrogen yields and waste degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Dark and photo-fermentation represent promising technologies for sustainable biohydrogen production.
  • Utilizing organic waste materials in fermentation enhances energy recovery and waste management.
  • Further optimization of operational conditions can significantly improve the efficiency of biohydrogen generation.