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Predation creates unique void layer in membrane-aerated biofilms.

M Aybar1, P Perez-Calleja2, M Li2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Concepción, Ciudad Universitaria, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.

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Protozoa significantly increase void fraction in membrane-aerated biofilms (MABs), creating gaps that can lead to biofilm sloughing. This impacts wastewater treatment efficiency by affecting microbial communities.

Keywords:
BiofilmMABRPorosityPredationProtozoaVoids

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Wastewater treatment

Background:

  • Membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) utilize oxygen-supplying membranes for wastewater treatment.
  • The counter-diffusion of oxygen and electron donors in MABRs creates unique conditions.
  • Predation dynamics within biofilms are not fully understood, particularly in MABRs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of protozoa on void formation and structure in membrane-aerated biofilms (MABs).
  • To understand the relationship between substrate availability, diffusion, and biofilm void fraction.
  • To identify the role of different protozoa in MAB ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for real-time biofilm imaging and void fraction analysis.
  • Microsensor analyses to measure chemical gradients within the biofilm.
  • Mathematical modeling to simulate substrate concentrations and diffusion effects.
  • DNA sequencing to identify microbial community composition, including protozoa.

Main Results:

  • Protozoa inclusion dramatically increased MAB void fraction from 5% to nearly 50%, forming large basal gaps.
  • High bulk COD limited void formation (4%), while low COD favored void expansion.
  • Amoeba were abundant in all conditions; flagellates were prevalent in low-COD MABs.
  • Modeling indicated substrate limitation and diffusion modes influence void fraction.

Conclusions:

  • Protozoa, particularly amoeba, proliferate in MABs, leading to void formation when substrate limits microbial growth.
  • Void expansion by motile protozoa can increase biofilm sloughing potential.
  • These voids may negatively impact slow-growing aerobic bacteria, affecting overall MAB performance.