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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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The speed of a wave depends on the characteristics of the medium. For example, in the case of a guitar, the strings vibrate to produce the sound. The speed of the waves on the strings and the wavelength determine the frequency of the sound produced. The strings on a guitar have different thicknesses but may be made of similar material. They have different linear densities, and the linear density is defined as the mass per length.
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When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Primary Bone Marrow Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Presenting as Transverse Myelitis.

Lauren Shea1, Yan Zhao2, Vishnu Reddy3

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Primary bone marrow diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (BM-DLBCL) is a rare cancer. This study reviews 107 cases, finding it presents with cytopenias, a non-germinal center phenotype, and aggressive disease with poor survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Primary bone marrow diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (BM-DLBCL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • Prior reports are limited, necessitating further characterization of this rare entity.

Observation:

  • A case of BM-DLBCL presenting with neurologic deficits mimicking acute transverse myelitis is detailed.
  • A literature review of 107 BM-DLBCL cases was conducted.

Findings:

  • BM-DLBCL frequently presents with cytopenias and B symptoms.
  • A predominant non-germinal center phenotype is characteristic of BM-DLBCL.
  • The disease exhibits aggressive behavior, indicated by high International Prognostic Index scores and a median survival of 10.0 months.

Implications:

  • Understanding BM-DLBCL presentation and characteristics is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
  • The aggressive nature necessitates prompt and effective therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into optimal treatment protocols for BM-DLBCL is warranted.