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Related Concept Videos

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
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Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Is There a Sweet Spot?

Mary L Puchalski1, Terri L Russell1, Kristine A Karlsen2

  • 1Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Division of Neonatology, 25 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Women, Children, and Family Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 South Damen Avenue, M/C 802, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|November 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal hypoglycemia, a common issue, may cause brain injury, but optimal treatment guidelines are unclear. This review covers causes, risks, and management strategies for better infant neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Keywords:
GlucoseHyperinsulinemiaHypoglycemiaIDMLGANeonatal hypoglycemiaNeonateSGA

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Neonatal hypoglycemia is a frequent complication with potential long-term neurologic consequences.
  • The precise glucose thresholds and duration of hypoglycemia causing brain injury are not well-defined.
  • Existing clinical guidelines for managing neonatal hypoglycemia lack robust evidence and are often conflicting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological transition to normal blood glucose (euglycemia) after birth.
  • To identify risk factors associated with transient or persistent neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • To discuss current therapeutic interventions and their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of transitional physiology, hypoglycemia risk factors, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of current evidence linking hypoglycemia to neurodevelopmental impairments.
  • Examination of existing screening and management guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Hypoglycemia is common in newborns, with significant associations to neurologic deficits.
  • Specific glucose levels and durations leading to brain injury remain uncertain.
  • Conflicting guidelines exist for managing hypoglycemia, highlighting a need for evidence-based strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding transitional events and risk factors is crucial for preventing neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential for mitigating neurodevelopmental risks.
  • Further research is needed to establish clear, evidence-based guidelines for managing neonatal hypoglycemia.