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Lift is a fundamental aerodynamic force that acts perpendicular to the direction of airflow. It plays a central role in achieving and sustaining flight and in stabilizing various vehicles. Lift primarily originates from pressure differences created across surfaces, such as an airfoil. A lower pressure region forms above the wing, while a higher pressure region forms below it, generating an upward force. This differential results from the shape and orientation of the airfoil, enabling the wing...
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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
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Face and Neck Lifting After Weight Loss.

Joshua T Waltzman1, James E Zins2, Rafael A Couto2

  • 1Private Practice, Waltzman Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 3828 Schaufele Avenue, #360, Long Beach, CA 90808, USA.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|November 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Massive weight loss can accelerate facial aging. Surgical facial rejuvenation techniques, including SMAS and platysma treatment, can effectively restore a more youthful appearance after significant weight loss.

Keywords:
FaceliftFat transferMassive weight lossPlatysmaplastySMAS

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Facial Anatomy

Background:

  • Massive weight loss leads to tissue deflation and reduced skin elasticity.
  • This can cause a prematurely aged appearance in the face and neck.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe modifications for successful surgical facial rejuvenation after massive weight loss.
  • To outline essential surgical techniques for optimal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Wide undermining of facial and neck tissues.
  • Extended postauricular incisions for skin mobilization.
  • Superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and platysma treatment.
  • Fat transfer for midface volumizing.

Main Results:

  • Surgical rejuvenation can effectively address deflation and skin laxity.
  • SMAS and platysma manipulation are crucial for neck and midface contouring.
  • Fat grafting enhances midface volume and rejuvenation.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical facial rejuvenation is a viable option for patients post-massive weight loss.
  • Preoperative counseling on staged procedures is recommended.
  • Comprehensive treatment of SMAS, platysma, and skin laxity yields optimal results.