Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Published on: November 1, 2018

Prenatal diagnosis of brainstem anomalies

Karina Krajden Haratz¹, Tally Lerman-Sagie²

¹Fetal Neurology Clinic, Ultrasound in Ob-Gyn Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society

|November 19, 2018

Abstract:

Prenatal diagnosis of brainstem anomalies is important due to the usually associated neurodevelopmental impairment and genetic implications. The extreme developmental changes that the brainstem and cerebellum undergo during fetal life pose a challenge for the characterization and definition of the different malformations. The present review aims to demonstrate the normal development of the fetal brainstem and to present the main features required for diagnosis of its anomalies according to available data in the medical literature.

Keywords:

Cerebellar hypoplasia Cobblestone malformation Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction Fetal brain Fetal neurosonography Joubert syndrome Rhombencephalosynapsis Vermian hypoplasia

More Related Videos

Isolation and Culture of Hippocampal Neurons from Prenatal Mice

Isolation and Culture of Hippocampal Neurons from Prenatal Mice

Published on: July 26, 2012

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

Published on: June 9, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Brainstem

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...

Nursing Diagnosis

Nursing Diagnosis

Following assessment, a nursing diagnosis is the next step in the nursing process. It begins after the nurse has collected and recorded the patient data. The purpose of diagnosing is to identify how the client responds to actual or potential health processes, identify factors that bestow or that cause health problems, the etiologies, and identify resources or strengths the individual, group, or community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems.
The nursing diagnosis focuses on evidence-based...

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
There are thirteen domains...

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
Risk nursing diagnoses represent clinical judgments of an individual, family, or community more vulnerable to developing the health problem than others...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Developmental venous anomalies on fetal magnetic resonance imaging: prevalence and reproducible radiological phenotypes.

Pediatric radiology·2026

Bi-allelic variants in CDK20 cause a severe ciliopathy with midline brain and facial anomalies.

American journal of human genetics·2026

Regional differences in fetal fat accretion in small-for-gestational-age fetuses assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Pediatric radiology·2026

Dangling Choroid Plexus: An Early Sign of Fetal Anomaly.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Predictors for intrapartum cesarean delivery after labor induction for suspected fetal growth restriction at term.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026

Exome Sequencing in Prenatally Diagnosed Isolated Neural Tube Defects: A Subtype-Specific Analysis.

Prenatal diagnosis·2026

See all related articles