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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
Published on: January 12, 2024
Diabetic retinopathy techniques in retinal images: A review
Nadeem Salamat1, Malik M Saad Missen2, Aqsa Rashid3
1Department of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Abstract:
The diabetic retinopathy is the main reason of vision loss in people. Medical experts recognize some clinical, geometrical and haemodynamic features of diabetic retinopathy. These features include the blood vessel area, exudates, microaneurysm, hemorrhages and neovascularization, etc. In Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems, these features are detected in fundus images using computer vision techniques. In this paper, we review the methods of low, middle and high level vision for automatic detection and classification of diabetic retinopathy.We give a detailed review of 79 algorithms for detecting different features of diabetic retinopathy during the last eight years.
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