Role of teleost B cells in viral immunity

Teleost fish possess all the necessary elements to mount an adaptive immune response. Despite this, the important physiological and structural differences between the mammalian and the teleost fish immune system, anticipate significant changes regarding how this response is coordinated and executed. B cells are key players in adaptive immune responses through the production of antibodies. However, recent studies performed in mammals and other species including fish point to many additional functions of B cells within both the adaptive and the innate immune system, in many occasions taking part in the crosstalk between these two arms of the immune response. Furthermore, it should be taken into account that fish B cells share many functional and phenotypical features with innate B cell populations from mammals, which will surely condition their response to antigens. Concerning viral infections, although most studies undertaken to date in fish have been focused on characterizing antibody production, some recent studies have demonstrated that fish B cells are able to interact with viruses at different levels. In this sense, in the current review, we have tried to provide an overview of what is currently known regarding the role of teleost B cells in antiviral immunity.