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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy
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Does self-organized criticality drive leading edge protrusion?

Karen L Anderson1, Mark F Swift1, Dorit Hanein1

  • 1Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.

Biophysical Reviews
|November 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Arp2/3 complex normally prevents filopodia-like protrusions (FLPs) by fine-tuning actin networks. Cells lacking this complex form FLPs but still migrate, though with less directional persistence.

Keywords:
Agent-based modelingArp2/3 complexFilopodia-like protrusionsFractal geometryLamellipodiaSelf-organized criticality

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Background:

  • The Arp2/3 complex is crucial for actin network formation, particularly lamellipodia.
  • Actin networks are fundamental to cell motility and shape.
  • Cell migration involves complex actin dynamics at the cell membrane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Arp2/3 complex in cell migration dynamics.
  • To characterize the actin organization in cells lacking functional Arp2/3 complex.
  • To understand how Arp2/3 complex influences cell boundary geometry and movement persistence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mouse fibroblasts lacking functional Arp2/3 complex.
  • Microscopy to observe cell morphology and actin structures.
  • Fractal geometry analysis of cell boundaries and protrusions.

Main Results:

  • Cells lacking Arp2/3 complex exhibit massive, bifurcating filopodia-like protrusions (FLPs) with fractal geometry.
  • These FLPs' actin organization relates to cell boundary fractal geometry via self-organized criticality.
  • Despite altered morphology, these cells migrate at rates similar to wild-type but show reduced directional persistence.

Conclusions:

  • The Arp2/3 complex suppresses FLP formation by favoring dendritic actin over bifurcating bundles.
  • This suppression is key for directed cell movement and provides an evolutionary advantage.
  • Arp2/3 complex fine-tuning of actin networks is essential for persistent cell migration.