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A Brainstem-Spinal Circuit Controlling Nocifensive Behavior.

Arnab Barik1, James Hunter Thompson1, Mathew Seltzer1

  • 1National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), NIH, Bethesda MD, USA.

Neuron
|November 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a brainstem circuit controlling escape responses to noxious stimuli. This circuit, involving the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and reticular formation (MdD), triggers rapid behavioral reactions to pain.

Keywords:
DREADDTachykinenbrainstemmedullapainparabrachial nucleuspronociceptivespinal cordsubstance P

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Nocifensive behaviors are rapid responses to danger, often preceding conscious pain perception.
  • While spinal cord circuits for simple reflexes are understood, complex escape behaviors remain poorly elucidated.
  • Understanding the neural basis of complex pain responses is crucial for treating pain disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a brainstem circuit controlling escape responses to noxious stimuli.
  • To elucidate the specific neuronal populations and pathways involved in heat-induced escape behaviors.
  • To investigate the role of Tac1-expressing neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and medullary reticular formation (MdD) in mediating these responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tracing experiments to map neural connections within the brainstem and spinal cord.
  • Employed chemogenetics, optogenetics, and genetic ablation to manipulate specific neuronal populations.
  • Recorded neuronal activity and behavioral responses to noxious stimuli, particularly heat.

Main Results:

  • Described a highly interconnected excitatory circuit involving the dorsal spinal cord, PBN, and MdD.
  • Demonstrated that PBN Tac1 neurons are activated by noxious stimuli and trigger escape responses to heat via MdD connections.
  • Showed that MdD Tac1 neurons, receiving input from PBN, also mediate escape behaviors and project to the spinal cord and PBN.

Conclusions:

  • Identified a critical brainstem circuit, including PBN and MdD Tac1 neurons, that controls appropriate escape behaviors to painful stimuli.
  • This circuit provides a substrate for rapid, adaptive responses to potentially harmful environmental cues.
  • Findings advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying complex pain-related behaviors.