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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
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Dimensional analysis is a valuable technique in fluid mechanics for simplifying complex problems by reducing them into dimensionless groups. These groups capture the essential relationships between the variables involved, allowing researchers and engineers to analyze fluid flow without dealing with each variable individually. This approach reduces the number of independent variables, allowing for easier analysis and better understanding of physical phenomena.
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Dimensional analysis is a powerful tool that is used in physics and engineering to understand and predict the behavior of physical systems. The basic idea behind dimensional analysis is to express physical quantities in terms of fundamental dimensions such as the mass, length, and time. Derived dimensions like the velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from the combinations of these fundamental dimensions.
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Recent Advances in Stretchable Supercapacitors Enabled by Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials.

Changyong Cao1,2,3, Yihang Chu1,3, Yihao Zhou4

  • 1Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights advancements in stretchable supercapacitors (SCs) using nanomaterials like graphene. These devices offer durable, high-power energy storage for wearable electronics and microrobots.

Keywords:
energy storage devicesflexible electronicslow-dimensional nanomaterialsstretchable supercapacitorswearable electronics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Supercapacitors (SCs) are crucial for mobile energy storage due to their durability, stability, and high power density.
  • Stretchable SCs are increasingly vital for emerging applications like wearable electronics and microrobots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in stretchable supercapacitors (SCs) enabled by low-dimensional nanomaterials.
  • To discuss design strategies for enhancing electrochemical performance in stretchable SCs.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of stretchable SCs into double-layer, pseudo-, and hybrid types.
  • Description of stretchable electrodes utilizing 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials (e.g., polypyrrole, carbon nanotubes, graphene).
  • Emphasis on various design strategies for stretchability (wavy, wire, textile, kirigami, origami, serpentine).

Main Results:

  • Low-dimensional nanomaterials are key to developing high-performance stretchable electrodes.
  • Specific design strategies significantly improve SC performance under stretching.
  • The review covers advancements in materials, device architectures, and performance optimization.

Conclusions:

  • Stretchable SCs are a promising technology for next-generation electronics.
  • Continued research into nanomaterials and innovative designs will address current challenges.
  • Future developments focus on manufacturing and performance enhancement for practical applications.