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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Accessing the Subdural Space of the Rodent Spinal Cord for Treatment Delivery
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Lawsonella clevelandensis causing spinal subdural empyema.

A Kumaria1, E K Lucas1, S A Crusz2

  • 1Departments of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.

British Journal of Neurosurgery
|November 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A rare bacterial infection caused by Lawsonella clevelandensis occurred in a child with a spinal dermoid cyst. This case highlights diagnostic challenges and the need for molecular identification of this fastidious organism.

Keywords:
Lawsonella clevelandensisinfected dermoid cystpaediatric neurosurgeryspinal empyema

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Case Reports

Background:

  • Lawsonella clevelandensis is a recently identified bacterium.
  • Human infections with this organism are rare, with limited documented cases.
  • Understanding its clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges is crucial.

Observation:

  • A 2-year-old girl presented with an infected spinal dermoid cyst.
  • The infection was caused by Lawsonella clevelandensis, a fastidious organism.
  • Diagnosis was complicated by difficulties in culturing the bacterium, necessitating molecular methods.

Findings:

  • This report details the seventh worldwide and first UK case of human Lawsonella clevelandensis infection.
  • It is the first reported pediatric case and the second spinal infection attributed to this bacterium.
  • The case required surgical intervention and prolonged antibiotic treatment.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of Lawsonella clevelandensis infections.
  • It underscores the importance of considering rare pathogens in complex clinical scenarios.
  • Highlights the utility of molecular diagnostics for identifying fastidious bacteria.