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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Hypoxia-Activated, Small-Molecule-Induced Gene Expression.

Sarah L Collins1,2, Jaideep Saha1, Laure C Bouchez3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K.

ACS Chemical Biology
|November 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel hypoxia-activated gene expression system. This tool uses a prodrug to control protein production in low-oxygen environments, aiding the study of conditions like tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Hypoxia, or reduced oxygen, is prevalent in solid tumors and bacterial biofilms, impacting human health.
  • Studying hypoxia requires effective chemical tools for biological research.
  • Current methods for studying hypoxia can be limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel hypoxia-activated, small-molecule-mediated gene expression system.
  • To create a tool for studying biological processes in low-oxygen conditions.
  • To demonstrate proof-of-concept for hypoxia-inducible protein production.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a bioreductive prodrug of isopropyl 1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside as the inducer.
  • Designed a gene expression system activated by hypoxic conditions.
  • Implemented green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter for successful gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established a hypoxia-activated gene expression system.
  • Demonstrated that the system can control the production of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in response to hypoxia.
  • Validated the use of a specific prodrug for hypoxia-mediated induction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system provides a novel chemical tool for studying hypoxia.
  • This hypoxia-activated system offers a versatile platform for regulating gene expression.
  • The system has potential applications in understanding diseases associated with hypoxia and developing targeted therapies.