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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Pulse rhythm01:30

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
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Tactile Stimulation Improves Sensorimotor Rhythm-based BCI Performance in Stroke Patients.

Xiaokang Shu, Shugeng Chen, Jianjun Meng

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |November 20, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Tactile stimulation combined with motor tasks significantly improved brain-computer interface (BCI) decoding accuracy in stroke patients. This enhanced motor-related cortical activation shows promise for BCI-based stroke rehabilitation.

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    A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS
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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Rehabilitation Medicine
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Brain-computer interface (BCI) decoding accuracy is vital for effective BCI-based therapy and promoting neural plasticity in stroke survivors.
    • Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-based BCIs are a key technology for stroke rehabilitation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To enhance SMR-based BCI performance by integrating motor tasks with tactile stimulation.
    • To investigate the effects of tactile stimulation on motor-related cortical activation (MRCA) and BCI decoding accuracy in stroke patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Eleven stroke patients participated in three conditions: motor attempt (MA), tactile stimulation (TS), and tactile stimulation-assisted motor attempt (TS-MA).
    • Tactile stimulation was applied to the paretic hand wrist using a DC vibrator during both task and idle states.

    Main Results:

    • The TS-MA condition showed significantly greater MRCA in the alpha-beta band compared to MA and TS conditions.
    • Online BCI decoding accuracy improved from 74.5% (MA) to 85.1% (TS-MA) (p < 0.001).
    • The TS condition alone yielded an accuracy of 54.6%, near chance level.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensory afferent stimulation enhances MRCA and discriminative brain patterns in the sensorimotor cortex of stroke patients.
    • This novel SMR-BCI paradigm integrating tactile stimulation shows significant potential for improving BCI-based stroke rehabilitation outcomes.