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Individuals with concussion experience prolonged sleep onset latency and greater sleep variability post-injury. These sleep disturbances, alongside poorer sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, persist until symptom resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Concussion, a mild traumatic brain injury, frequently impacts neurological function.
  • Sleep disturbances are common but often under-characterized following concussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize sleep patterns 2-3 days post-concussion.
  • To compare sleep outcomes in concussed individuals with well-matched non-concussed controls during recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty concussed college students and 20 controls were monitored using ActiGraph GT9X Link.
  • Sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency were assessed.
  • Participants completed sleep quality and daytime sleepiness questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Concussed individuals exhibited longer sleep onset latency (p = 0.002) within 2-3 days post-injury.
  • Greater intraindividual variability in wake after sleep onset and total sleep time was observed in the concussed group.
  • Concussed individuals reported poorer sleep quality (p < 0.001), increased daytime sleepiness (p = 0.014), and worse sleep symptoms (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Concussion is associated with delayed sleep onset and increased sleep fragmentation and variability.
  • These sleep alterations persist throughout the recovery period.
  • Findings highlight the significant impact of concussion on sleep and may inform future research and clinical management.