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Chasing Chimeras - The elusive stable chondrogenic phenotype.

Valeria Graceffa1, Claire Vinatier2, Jerome Guicheux2

  • 1Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.

Biomaterials
|November 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selecting the right cells for cartilage regeneration requires optimized culture conditions. While challenges remain in maintaining stable chondrogenic phenotype, advances in microenvironment modulation promise future therapies.

Keywords:
Cartilage tissue engineeringChondrocytesClinical trialsIn vitro microenvironmentIn vivo modelsStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cartilage regeneration relies on effective culture conditions to achieve a stable chondrogenic phenotype.
  • Current cell sources like chondrocytes have limitations in isolation and proliferation.
  • Stem cells offer potential but face challenges like hypertrophic differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically discuss advances and shortfalls in in vitro microenvironment modulators for cartilage regeneration.
  • To evaluate different cell populations (chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, pluripotent stem cells) for chondrogenic potential.
  • To assess the impact of culture conditions on maintaining chondrocyte phenotype and directing stem cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies on microenvironment modulators.
  • Analysis of culture conditions including media supplements, scaffolds, mechanical stimulation, oxygen tension, and co-culture systems.
  • Comparative assessment of chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells for chondrogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Chondrocytes exhibit poor isolation efficiency, limited proliferation, and rapid phenotypic drift.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are available and proliferative but prone to hypertrophy.
  • Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells show promise but require further investigation.
  • Achieving a stable chondrogenic phenotype remains a significant challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing in vitro culture conditions is crucial for successful cartilage regeneration.
  • No single cell source perfectly meets the requirements for stable chondrogenesis.
  • Ongoing research in microenvironment modulation is key to developing clinically relevant cartilage repair therapies.