Local antibody in semen for rapid diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis epididymitis

Etiologic studies including micro-immunofluorescence serology for Chlamydia trachomatis were done on 45 consecutive men with acute epididymitis. Of the men 21, all less than 35 years old, had type specific Chlamydia trachomatis antibody in the semen. All patients with semen antibody also had Chlamydia trachomatis antibody in the serum, while only a few of the patients without semen antibody had serum antibody. Chlamydia antibody titers in the semen specimens were higher than those in the sera and they persisted longer. In only 1 patient with semen antibody was another potential etiological agent for epididymitis demonstrated, while most of the patients without semen antibody had bacterial causes for the epididymitis. It was concluded that measurement of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody in semen offered a noninvasive, sensitive and specific method, useful despite prior antibiotic therapy, for diagnosis of the etiology of epididymitis in young men.