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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
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Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants
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Biomedical Applications of Graphene-Based Structures.

Krzysztof Tadyszak1, Jacek K Wychowaniec2,3, Jagoda Litowczenko4,5

  • 1NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, PL61614 Poznań, Poland. krztad@amu.edu.pl.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Graphene and graphene oxide nanomaterials show great promise for biomedical uses, including cell growth and drug delivery. Recent studies highlight their potential in therapies and bridging synthetic materials with natural biological systems.

Keywords:
anticancer therapiesgraphenegraphene oxidenanomaterial toxicitynanostructured materialsregenerative medicinetissue engineering

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) structures are advanced nanomaterials.
  • Reduced forms like GO paper and 3D aerogels are key.
  • These materials are crucial for developing new biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on graphene-based materials in biological applications.
  • To highlight the use of graphene structures and composites.
  • To explore the biomimetic properties of these nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on graphene-based nanomaterials.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo viability tests.
  • Evaluation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation studies.

Main Results:

  • Graphene-based materials demonstrate suitability for cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • In vitro and in vivo studies show promising viability results.
  • Anticancer therapies and drug delivery applications are advancing.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene and GO derivatives offer significant potential for diverse biomedical applications.
  • Their biomimetic behavior is key to integrating synthetic materials with biological systems.
  • Further research can bridge the gap between nature and engineered nanomaterials.