Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats
Published on: November 11, 2013
Effects of restrictive and non-restrictive harnesses on shoulder extension in dogs at walk and trot
M Pilar Lafuente1, Laura Provis1, Emily Anne Schmalz1
1Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
Abstract:
The study aimed to compare the effect of restrictive and non-restrictive harnesses on shoulder extension of dogs at walk and trot. This was a prospective study of nine dogs. Dogs were walked and trotted on a treadmill at a comfortable walking and trotting speed, first with no harness, then with each harness type, with and without added weights. Dogs were filmed and the angle of shoulder extension was measured using non-reflective markers and a video analysis software. Significant decrease in shoulder extension was found with both types of harnesses in comparison with no harness, except for the restrictive harness with weights. Shoulder extension was 2.6° and 4.4° less in dogs wearing a non-restrictive harness than in dogs wearing a restrictive harness, at walk and trot, respectively. The addition of weights did not consistently add more restriction to shoulder extension. The results of this study indicate that harnesses do limit shoulder extension, but perhaps not in the way originally anticipated, as results show extension is significantly reduced under the non-restrictive harnesses compared with the restrictive harnesses, with and without weights.
Related Concept Videos
Restriction Enzymes
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clearance
Most drugs undergo restrictive clearance, which is proportional to the...
Muscles of the Shoulder
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Buffer Effectiveness
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
Framing Effects

