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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
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Segmental Variation in a Duplicated msp2 Pseudogene Generates Anaplasma marginale Antigenic Variants

Telmo Graça1, Pei-Shin Ku2,3, Marta G Silva3

  • 1Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA telmo.graca@wsu.edu.

Infection and Immunity
|November 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Anaplasma marginale uses gene duplication of major surface protein 2 (Msp2) pseudogenes to create antigenic variants. This allows the bacterium to evade host immunity and establish persistent infections.

Keywords:
antigenic variationgene duplicationimmune escape

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