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Reaction Rate02:53

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The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Sample Preparation for Metabolic Profiling using MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging
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MALDI MS Imaging at Acquisition Rates Exceeding 100 Pixels per Second.

Antonín Bednařík1,2, Markéta Machálková1, Eugene Moskovets3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|November 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

High-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) molecular imaging of tissues is now faster. A new galvanometer-based optical scanner significantly improves sample scan rates for rapid analysis.

Keywords:
3D cell aggregatesColorectal adenocarcinomaGrid ion sourceHigh throughputLaser beam scanningMALDIMSIMass spectrometry imagingSpheroidsTOF

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is valuable for molecular imaging of biological tissues.
  • Current limitations in analysis speed hinder the practicality of MALDI-TOF MS for rapid tissue analysis.
  • Slow XY stage micromotion restricts the rate of fresh sample material supply to the laser spot.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the throughput of MALDI-TOF MS for molecular imaging of biological tissues.
  • To overcome the speed limitations imposed by traditional XY stage scanning methods.
  • To develop a faster method for acquiring high-resolution MS images of tissue samples.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a laboratory-built high-throughput imaging TOF mass spectrometer.
  • Implementation of a galvanometer-based optical scanner for rapid laser spot repositioning.
  • Integration of an optical system with a modified grid to focus the laser beam into a 10-μm spot.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significantly improved sample scan rates exceeding 100 pixels/second.
  • Enabled the acquisition of high-resolution MS images with a well-defined 10-μm pixel size.
  • Demonstrated the technique by imaging an antitumor agent distribution in 3D colorectal adenocarcinoma cell aggregates within 70 seconds for a 100x100 pixel image.

Conclusions:

  • The galvanometer-based optical scanning technique substantially increases MALDI-TOF MS imaging speed.
  • This advancement enhances the practicality of MALDI-TOF MS for high-throughput molecular imaging of biological samples.
  • The developed method allows for rapid acquisition of detailed molecular distribution data in complex biological systems.