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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model
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Female urethroplasty: contemporary thinking.

C West1, A Lawrence2

  • 1Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.

World Journal of Urology
|November 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Female urethral stricture disease (FUSD) is complex, often caused by iatrogenic injury. Open urethroplasty shows good medium-term success, while dilation has poor long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
Buccal mucosal graftFemale urethral dilationFemale urethral strictureFemale urethroplastyUrethral strictureVaginal flaps

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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive Urology
  • Female Pelvic Medicine

Background:

  • Female urethral stricture disease (FUSD) is a rare condition with limited research on diagnosis and treatment.
  • Surgical management of FUSD is evolving with increasing interest in reconstructive urology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current trends, definitions, etiologies, and surgical techniques for managing female urethral stricture disease.
  • To provide an overview of diagnostic and treatment strategies for FUSD.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Keywords included female urethra stricture, urethroplasty, urethral dilation, pelvic fracture, and urethral reconstruction.
  • Relevant papers and their references were systematically reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Iatrogenic injury is the primary cause of FUSD.
  • Assessment involves patient history, examination, cystoscopy, and/or urodynamics.
  • Open urethroplasty with grafts/flaps demonstrates good medium-term success; minimally invasive techniques show poor long-term results.

Conclusions:

  • FUSD requires a thorough, individualized evaluation considering symptoms, etiology, and anatomy.
  • Vaginal flaps and buccal mucosal grafts offer promising medium-term outcomes for urethroplasty.
  • Repeated urethral dilation yields disappointing long-term results, necessitating further comparative research.