Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
08:07
Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
Published on: September 6, 2017
10.6K
Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies by solid phase immunoassays: advantages and technical concerns
Pernille Koefoed-Nielsen1, Bjarne Kuno Møller1
1a Department of Clinical Immunology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark.
International Reviews of Immunology
|November 21, 2018
Summary
Detecting donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) is crucial for organ transplant risk assessment. While solid phase immunoassays (SPI) show prognostic value, caution is advised regarding mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) interpretation due to method limitations.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Transplantation Science
Background:
- Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are key in pre-transplant immunological risk assessment.
- Solid phase immunoassays (SPI) for DSA detection have advanced, with growing clinical evidence.
- Current interpretation of bead-based array results often relies on expert opinion due to technical limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the prognostic significance of SPI in organ transplant recipients with pre-existing antibodies.
- To caution against the uncritical use of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) as a quantitative measure in transplantation.
- To review the role of SPI in detecting anti-HLA antibodies within clinical diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on solid phase immunoassays (SPI) for donor-specific antibody (DSA) detection.
- Analysis of the clinical interpretation of SPI results in organ transplantation.
- Discussion of the limitations and theoretical concerns associated with SPI, particularly MFI.
Main Results:
- SPI demonstrates prognostic value in immunized organ transplant recipients.
- Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) from SPI has documented and theoretical shortcomings for quantitative interpretation.
- Expert opinions still heavily influence clinical decisions in DSA detection for transplantation.
Conclusions:
- SPI is valuable for assessing immunological risk in organ transplantation.
- Critical evaluation of SPI results, especially MFI, is necessary for accurate clinical decision-making.
- The findings align with and provide context for the Sensitization in Transplantation: Assessment of Risk (STAR) working group report.
Related Concept Videos
02:53Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.8K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.8K
02:39Phase Diagrams
50.2K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
50.2K
02:37Metallic Solids
20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.6K
02:22Structures of Solids
17.7K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.7K
02:31Phase Transitions
23.2K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.2K
02:18Network Covalent Solids
16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K