Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Detection of Black Holes

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...

Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions

Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions

Continuous probability distributions are used to model random variables that can take on any real value within a specified range. These variables do not take on isolated or countable values but rather exist on a continuum. For example, the height of an individual can be measured with increasing precision—such as 163.5 or 165.25 centimeters—demonstrating that height is a continuous random variable.The behavior of such variables is described using a probability density function (PDF),...

Dimensional Analysis

Dimensional Analysis

Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

LINC00324 induces nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration via miR-143-3p targeted TRAIL/DR4/DR5 axis.

Biology direct·2026

Same author

Ring Strain Engineering of Cyclic Ethers for High-Performance Sodium Metal Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Neural oscillations underlying the impact of the road environment on hazard perception.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Glycine induces MafG to regulate glutathione metabolism, inhibit chondrocyte ferroptosis, and upregulate plectin to improve osteoarthritis.

Cellular signalling·2026

Same author

Mechanism-based subtypes of problematic use of the internet and corresponding neurobehavioral characteristics among children and adolescents.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to 'Hepatic cavernous hemangioma decellularized extracellular matrix/GelMA composite hydrogel promotes angiogenesis via the ITGA9-FAK-ERK1/2 axis' [Mater. Today Bio 38 (2026) 102976].

Materials today. Bio·2026

Same journal

Scalable batch-type synthesis of layered 2D-SnS<sub>2</sub> transistors integration enabled by BEOL-compatible low-thermal budget processes.

Nanoscale·2026

Same journal

Self-powered and gate-reconfigurable photodetection and logic operations in the Ta<sub>2</sub>PdS<sub>6</sub>/WSe<sub>2</sub> van der Waals heterostructure.

Nanoscale·2026

Same journal

Elucidating interfacial charge extraction from CdTe@ZnS quantum dots by pyridinium ionic liquids.

Nanoscale·2026

Same journal

Tailoring charged nanochannels in covalent organic framework membranes for efficient lithium recovery.

Nanoscale·2026

Same journal

Restoring the powerhouse: mitochondrial transplantation in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.

Nanoscale·2026

Same journal

Enhanced circular dichroism of molecular J-aggregate-surface plasmon polariton hybrid modes.

Nanoscale·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Published on: March 6, 2014

Two-dimensional black phosphorus: its fabrication, functionalization and applications.

Zehua Hu¹, Tianchao Niu², Rui Guo³

¹School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore. phycw@nus.edu.sg.

|November 21, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) exhibits unique layer-dependent bandgaps and ambipolar transport, driving innovation in optoelectronics. Recent advancements focus on its fabrication and device applications through advanced engineering techniques.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Published on: March 9, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Published on: March 6, 2014

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Published on: March 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Black phosphorus (BP) is a two-dimensional material with unique electronic properties.
Rediscovered in 2014, BP has gained attention for its tunable bandgap and ambipolar transport.
Research focuses on fabricating and applying BP and other phosphorus allotropes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review fundamental properties and fabrication techniques of 2D black phosphorus.
To highlight recent progress in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of 2D phosphorus.
To summarize advancements in BP optoelectronic device applications.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on black phosphorus.
Focus on molecular beam epitaxy for 2D phosphorus growth.
Analysis of interface, defect, and bandgap engineering for device applications.

Main Results:

2D black phosphorus exhibits layer-dependent bandgaps tunable across visible to mid-infrared spectrum.
Hole-dominated ambipolar transport characteristics are observed in atomic-scale BP.
Successful fabrication and functionalization enable novel device applications.

Conclusions:

2D black phosphorus is a promising material for advanced optoelectronic devices.
MBE growth and sophisticated engineering techniques are key to unlocking BP's potential.
Stacked heterostructures offer new avenues for customized device functionalities.