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CSF soluble TREM2 as a measure of immune response along the Alzheimer's disease continuum

Boris-Stephan Rauchmann1, Thomas Schneider-Axmann2, Panagiotis Alexopoulos3

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Neurobiology of Aging
|November 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid is linked to neuroinflammation and neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This biomarker may aid in diagnosis and developing new immune-targeting treatments for AD.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) role in neurodegeneration is debated, with conflicting results regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Previous studies on sTREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lack consensus due to varied clinical classifications of AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sTREM2 levels in CSF and their association with AD biomarkers and cognitive function.
  • To clarify sTREM2's role as a neuroinflammatory marker in early clinical AD.

Main Methods:

  • Classified 497 subjects using 2018 NIA-AA guidelines based on CSF biomarkers (amyloid-β, tau, neurodegeneration).
  • Analyzed CSF sTREM2 concentrations against tau pathology, neurodegeneration markers, and cognitive measures over time.

Main Results:

  • CSF sTREM2 correlated with neurodegeneration and fibrillar tau, but not amyloidosis.
  • sTREM2 levels were elevated in individuals with positive total tau.
  • sTREM2 concentrations increased over time in AD patients with AD pathophysiology and positive total tau.

Conclusions:

  • CSF sTREM2 serves as a marker of neuroinflammation across early clinical AD spectrum.
  • sTREM2 is associated with neuronal injury, offering potential for AD diagnostics and immunomodulatory treatments.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseBiomarkerDementiaImagingMild cognitive impairmentNeurodegenerationNeuroinflammationPrediction

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