Microbiome modulates intestinal homeostasis against inflammatory diseases

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Microbiology
• Immunology

Background:

• The elimination of prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial alternatives.
• The intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem involving host cells and microbiota, collectively termed the microbiome.
• Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the host-microbe interaction, can lead to inflammatory intestinal diseases in both animals and humans.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the intestinal immune system and the role of the intestinal microbiome.
• To explore how the microbiome modulates inflammation in the context of intestinal diseases.
• To provide updated knowledge on host-microbe interactions and promote microbiome-based antimicrobial strategies.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes current scientific literature on the intestinal immune system.
• It examines the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome.
• It analyzes the mechanisms by which the microbiome influences host inflammation and disease.

Main Results:

• The intestinal immune system and microbiome are intricately linked in maintaining homeostasis.
• Microbiome dysbiosis is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases.
• Modulating the microbiome offers a viable strategy for controlling inflammation and preventing disease.

Conclusions:

• Understanding host-microbe interactions is essential for developing effective alternatives to antibiotics.
• The microbiome represents a promising avenue for novel antimicrobial strategies in food animal production.
• Harnessing microbiome-based approaches can help reduce the incidence and severity of intestinal diseases.