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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

A Rapid Automated Protocol for Muscle Fiber Population Analysis in Rat Muscle Cross Sections Using Myosin Heavy Chain Immunohistochemistry
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Gender differences in homocysteine concentrations, a population-based cross-sectional study.

E Cohen1, I Margalit2, T Shochat3

  • 1Department of Medicine F - Recanati, Rabin Medical Center -Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men have higher plasma homocysteine levels than women, a risk factor for atherosclerosis. This study investigated gender differences in homocysteine concentrations and their association with cardiovascular disease risk.

Keywords:
Coronary artery diseaseFolateGenderHomocysteineVitamin B12

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Elevated homocysteine is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
  • Understanding gender-specific differences in homocysteine levels is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential gender disparities in plasma homocysteine concentrations.
  • To determine if higher homocysteine levels in men contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 9237 men and 4353 women from Israeli screening data (2000-2014).
  • Comparison of mean homocysteine levels, prevalence of high homocysteine (>15 μmol/L), and associated risk factors between genders.
  • Statistical adjustment for age, smoking, BMI, diabetes, kidney function, and vitamin B12/folate levels.

Main Results:

  • Men exhibited significantly higher average homocysteine concentrations (12.6 μmol/L) than women (9.6 μmol/L).
  • Prevalence of high homocysteine (>15 μmol/L) was substantially greater in men (15.5%) versus women (3.9%).
  • Men had a significantly higher odds ratio for elevated homocysteine, even after adjusting for multiple risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma homocysteine concentrations are demonstrably higher in men compared to women.
  • These gender differences in homocysteine may play a role in the differing rates of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease development between sexes.