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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: July 26, 2016

Tailoring atomic layer growth at the liquid-metal interface.

Hai Cao¹, Deepali Waghray², Stefan Knoppe^3,4

¹Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B3001, Leuven, Belgium. caohai@iccas.ac.cn.

Nature Communications

|November 22, 2018

Summary

Researchers developed a wet deposition method using gold clusters to create atomically flat gold nanoislands. This technique controls metal nanostructure growth at ambient conditions by manipulating molecular interactions at the liquid-metal interface.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Engineering atomic structures on metal surfaces is crucial for advanced nanomaterials and nanodevices.
Current methods like molecular beam epitaxy require ultrahigh vacuum and present deposition control challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a wet deposition protocol for fabricating atomically flat gold nanoislands.
To utilize liquid-metal interface dynamics for controlling ultrathin metallic nanostructure growth.

Main Methods:

Utilizing solution-borne nanosized gold clusters as precursors.
Employing a wet deposition protocol leveraging dynamic exchange of surface-active molecules.
Conducting experimental and theoretical investigations.

Main Results:

Achieved remarkable shape and size selection of gold nanoislands.
Demonstrated that organic adsorbates bias island orientation via preferred adsorption and alignment.
Showed organic adsorbates intervene in adatom island assembly/disassembly through complexation with gold adatoms.

Conclusions:

The developed wet deposition protocol offers a simple method for regulating atomic layer growth of metals.
This approach enables metal nanostructure fabrication under ambient conditions.
Organic adsorbates play a key role in controlling the growth kinetics and orientation of metallic nanostructures.